What type of output does the SHA-256 algorithm produce from input data?

The SHA-256 algorithm is a cryptographic hash function that produces a fixed-length hash value from any input data, regardless of the size or type of that data. Specifically, it generates a 256-bit hash value, which is represented as a fixed-length string of hexadecimal characters. This property of producing a constant-length output is essential for many applications, such as data integrity verification and digital signatures.

The strength of SHA-256 lies in its ability to generate unique hash values for different inputs, allowing for effective identification and comparison of data without needing access to the data itself. This characteristic is crucial in cybersecurity practices, including the CMMC framework, as it helps maintain data integrity and secures information against unauthorized alterations.

Other options do not align with the fundamental concept of SHA-256. For instance, variable-length text strings imply that the output changes based on the input size, which contradicts the fixed output length of SHA-256. An encrypted file refers to a transformation of data intended for confidentiality rather than integrity, while a binary representation of the input does not convey the hashing process or its specific outcome. Thus, the answer accurately captures the essence of what SHA-256 produces.