What is an observation in the context of a CMMC assessment?

In the context of a CMMC assessment, an observation refers to a real-time demonstration that is witnessed by the Certified CMMC Assessor (CCA). This process allows the CCA to assess whether the organization is effectively implementing its cybersecurity practices. Observations provide tangible evidence of how the organization's security controls are functioning in practice, rather than merely relying on documentation or theoretical scenarios. This active evaluation offers a dynamic view, indicating whether the processes are not only in place but also being executed as intended.

Other options, while related to assessment methods, do not fit the criteria for observations. A simulated test of the software focuses on testing the functionality without the context of live operations. A review of documentation pertains to analyzing written policies and procedures, which does not capture real-time compliance or practice execution. A pre-assessment questionnaire seeks information prior to the formal assessment but does not involve direct observation of practices. Hence, the observation is distinct in its practical and immediate approach to assessing compliance.